Define the difference between elastic and plastic deformation in terms of the effect on the crystal lattice structure.
(1) Describe each deformation; (2) Indicate under what force the crystal structure will have plastic deformation.
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(1) Elastic deformation refers to the temporary distortion of the crystal lattice structure that occurs when a force is applied to it. In this type of deformation, the crystal lattice is stretched or compressed under the applied force, but it returns to its original shape and size once the force is removed. This means that the atoms or ions in the lattice are displaced from their equilibrium positions but do not permanently alter their arrangement.
On the other hand, plastic deformation involves the permanent change in the crystal lattice structure due to the applied force. This deformation occurs when the force exceeds a certain value, known as the yield strength of the material. The atoms or ions in the lattice are displaced to new equilibrium positions, resulting in a new arrangement of the crystal structure even after the force is removed.
(2) Plastic deformation occurs when the applied force exceeds the yield strength of the crystal material. The yield strength is the point at which the material transitions from elastic to plastic behavior. When this threshold is surpassed, the crystal lattice structure cannot regain its original shape and undergoes permanent changes.
In summary, elastic deformation is reversible and does not cause permanent changes in the crystal lattice structure, while plastic deformation is irreversible and leads to permanent alterations in the crystal lattice. The force required for plastic deformation depends on the yield strength of the material.
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