Here is the Java program that includes the expressions and statements for the given requirements:

```java
import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Declare a string variable and prompt the user to input their name
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter your name: ");
String name = scanner.nextLine();

// Get a substring consisting of the first letter and print it
String firstLetter = name.substring(0, 1);
System.out.println("First letter: " + firstLetter);

// Get a substring consisting of the first and last letter and print it
int length = name.length();
String firstAndLastLetter = name.substring(0, 1) + name.substring(length - 1);
System.out.println("First and last letter: " + firstAndLastLetter);

// Get a substring consisting of all but the first and last letter and print it
String allButFirstAndLast = name.substring(1, length - 1);
System.out.println("All but first and last letter: " + allButFirstAndLast);

// Get the first half of the string (discarding the middle letter if the length is odd)
int halfLength = length / 2;
String firstHalf = name.substring(0, halfLength);
System.out.println("First half: " + firstHalf);

// Get the second half of the string (discarding the middle letter if the length is odd)
String secondHalf = name.substring(halfLength);
System.out.println("Second half: " + secondHalf);

// Get the substring consisting of the middle letter(s) based on the length of the string
String middleSubstring;
if (length % 2 == 0) {
// Even length, get middle two letters
int middleIndex = length / 2 - 1;
middleSubstring = name.substring(middleIndex, middleIndex + 2);
} else {
// Odd length, get middle letter
int middleIndex = length / 2;
middleSubstring = name.substring(middleIndex, middleIndex + 1);
}
System.out.println("Middle substring: " + middleSubstring);

scanner.close();
}
}
```

This program prompts the user to enter their name, and then performs the desired operations using string manipulation techniques. The results are printed out for each operation.

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