What is the difference between a criterion referenced test and a norm referenced test (be sure to use references) and provided one example of each?
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Criterion-referenced tests and norm-referenced tests are two distinct methods used in educational assessment to measure individual performance. The primary difference lies in the way the scores are interpreted and how they relate to a pre-established standard.
1. Criterion-Referenced Test:
A criterion-referenced test assesses a student's performance based on a set standard or criterion of achievement. The scores obtained indicate whether the test-taker has met specific objectives or criteria. In this type of test, the focus is on measuring mastery of particular skills or knowledge.
Example: The driving test to obtain a driver's license is a criterion-referenced test. The elements required to pass the test, such as correctly parallel parking or correctly interpreting road signs, are predetermined criteria. Scoring is based on meeting those specific criteria, and each criterion does not depend on the performance of other test-takers.
2. Norm-Referenced Test:
In contrast, a norm-referenced test compares an individual's performance to that of a norm group, which typically represents the larger population or a specific subgroup. The scores obtained indicate how the test-taker performed relative to others who have taken the same test. The focus is on ranking individuals and identifying their relative strengths or weaknesses.
Example: The SAT (Scholastic Aptitude Test) is a norm-referenced test commonly employed for college admissions in the United States. The scores on the SAT are interpreted by comparing an individual's performance to the performance of a large norm group of test-takers. The test-taker's score is reported as a percentile rank, indicating the percentage of other test-takers with lower scores.
In summary, a criterion-referenced test evaluates an individual's performance based on predetermined criteria or standards, while a norm-referenced test assesses an individual's performance relative to a norm group. These two types of tests provide distinct information and serve different purposes in educational assessment.
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