What is HOL blocking? Does it occur in input ports or output ports?
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HOL blocking, also known as Head-of-the-Line blocking, is a phenomenon that occurs in packet-switched networks, such as routers or switches, when one packet gets stuck or blocked behind another packet that is waiting to be transmitted.
HOL blocking can occur in both input ports and output ports of network switches. In input port HOL blocking, multiple packets arrive at the same input port of the switch and compete for transmission on the output port simultaneously. As a result, one packet can block or prevent others from being forwarded.
In output port HOL blocking, multiple packets arrive at different input ports and are destined for the same output port. However, since only one packet can be transmitted at a time, the packets have to wait in a queue. If a packet arrives first and gets blocked, it can prevent other packets from being transmitted even if they arrived later and could have been processed earlier.
Overall, HOL blocking can occur in both input and output ports of network switches and can lead to delays in packet forwarding or even congestion in the network.
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