In Book III of Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle discusses the roles of voluntary action and personal responsibility in the development of virtue. According to Aristotle, voluntary actions play a crucial role in shaping our character and determining our moral state. Virtuous actions are considered to be the result of personal choice and deliberation, which involve selecting the mean between extremes.

Aristotle argues that to become virtuous, one must actively choose and perform virtuous actions intentionally and willingly. These actions are considered to be voluntary, as they arise from our own decisions and desires, rather than being forced upon us by external factors. By repeatedly choosing virtuous actions, Aristotle suggests that we can develop virtuous habits and character traits, ultimately leading to the attainment of moral virtue.

However, Aristotle also acknowledges that external factors can influence our actions and choices. In some cases, factors like ignorance or coercion can diminish the voluntariness of our actions. For instance, if someone is forced to act against their will, their actions may not be considered truly voluntary and, therefore, may not contribute to the development of virtue.

Aristotle highlights the importance of personal responsibility in the pursuit of virtue. He argues that individuals are accountable for their actions and have the freedom to make choices that shape their character. Taking personal responsibility involves recognizing the consequences of our actions and accepting the moral and practical implications that arise from them.

Furthermore, Aristotle emphasizes that the process of becoming virtuous requires effort and self-discipline. It involves consciously choosing virtuous actions, even when they may be challenging or require sacrifice. By taking personal responsibility for our choices and actively engaging in virtuous actions, Aristotle suggests that we can cultivate the virtues and achieve eudaimonia, which he defines as the ultimate goal of human life.

In summary, according to Aristotle, voluntary action plays a crucial role in the development of virtue. By actively choosing and performing virtuous actions, individuals can shape their character and cultivate virtuous habits. Personal responsibility is also emphasized, as individuals are considered accountable for their actions and have the freedom to make choices that contribute to their moral development.

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