The growth rate equation is (birth rate + immigration)-(death rate + emigration). Provide at least two factors that affect the population size based off the equation above, and explain how these factors impact the size of the population.
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Two factors that affect population size are birth rate and death rate.
1. Birth rate: The birth rate refers to the number of births in a population per thousand individuals per year. A higher birth rate will result in a larger population size because more individuals are being added to the population through births. Factors that can impact the birth rate include access to healthcare, cultural and societal norms around family planning, availability of contraception, economic conditions, and education levels. For example, in regions with limited access to healthcare and education, the birth rate tends to be higher due to a lack of knowledge about family planning and limited access to contraceptives.
2. Death rate: The death rate refers to the number of deaths in a population per thousand individuals per year. A higher death rate will decrease the population size because more individuals are dying. Factors impacting the death rate include healthcare system quality, access to medical facilities, prevalence of diseases and epidemics, nutrition, sanitation, and general living conditions. For instance, regions with poor healthcare systems and lack of access to medical facilities are likely to have higher death rates due to inadequate treatment of illnesses and higher mortality rates. Conversely, regions with higher standards of living, better healthcare, and improved sanitation will generally have lower death rates, leading to a larger population size.
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