Solve for the motion of a baseball hit at an angle of 30 degrees above the horizontal in a crosswind with a velocity of 10 m/s. Determine the range of the baseball.
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To solve for the range of the baseball, we need to find the horizontal distance it travels before hitting the ground. We can break down the motion of the baseball into its vertical and horizontal components.
Given:
Initial velocity (v): 10 m/s
Launch angle (θ): 30 degrees
Vertical acceleration (a): -9.8 m/s² (assuming no air resistance)
Horizontal velocity (v_x): ?
Vertical velocity (v_y): ?
First, we need to find the vertical and horizontal components of the initial velocity.
Vertical Component:
v_y = v * sin(θ)
v_y = 10 m/s * sin(30°)
v_y ≈ 5 m/s
Horizontal Component:
v_x = v * cos(θ)
v_x = 10 m/s * cos(30°)
v_x ≈ 8.66 m/s
Since there is a crosswind, the horizontal component of the velocity remains constant while the vertical component experiences acceleration due to gravity. The time taken before the baseball hits the ground can be determined using the equation:
y = v_y * t + (0.5) * a * t²
Where:
y = vertical displacement (which is 0 at impact)
v_y = initial vertical velocity
a = acceleration due to gravity
t = time
0 = (5 m/s) * t + (0.5) * (-9.8 m/s²) * t²
0 = 5t - 4.9t²
Solving this quadratic equation will give us the time it takes for the baseball to hit the ground.
4.9t² - 5t = 0
t(4.9t - 5) = 0
t = 0 (extraneous) or t ≈ 1.02 s
Now, we can find the range (horizontal distance) using the equation:
x = v_x * t
x = (8.66 m/s) * (1.02 s)
x ≈ 8.82 m
Therefore, the range of the baseball is approximately 8.82 meters.