Hydrogen gas (H2) and chlorine gas (Cl2) react to form hydrogen chloride gas (HCl) according to the balanced chemical equation: H2(g) + Cl2(g) -> 2 HCl(g). If 2.0 moles of H2 and 3.0 moles of Cl2 react, calculate the volume of HCl gas produced at STP.
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To calculate the volume of HCl gas produced at STP, we can use the ideal gas law equation:
PV = nRT
Where:
P = pressure
V = volume
n = moles
R = ideal gas constant
T = temperature
At STP, the pressure (P) is 1 atmosphere and the temperature (T) is 273 Kelvin.
First, let's calculate the moles of HCl gas produced from the given moles of H2 and Cl2. According to the balanced chemical equation, 1 mole of H2 reacts with 1 mole of Cl2 to produce 2 moles of HCl. Therefore, the limiting reactant in this case is H2, which means that it will react completely, and the amount of Cl2 given is in excess.
Since 2.0 moles of H2 react to produce 2 x 2.0 = 4.0 moles of HCl, we have 4.0 moles of HCl.
Now we can use the ideal gas law to calculate the volume of HCl gas generated:
PV = nRT
1V = 4.0(0.0821)(273)
V = 4.0(0.0821)(273)
V = 8.47468 L
Therefore, the volume of HCl gas produced at STP is 8.47468 liters.
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