For the nuclear fusion reaction between deuterium (2H) and tritium (3H) to produce helium-4 (4He) and a neutron (1n), calculate the energy released in MeV when 1 mole of deuterium reacts completely.
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The nuclear equation for the fusion reaction between deuterium and tritium is:
2H + 3H -> 4He + 1n
The mass of 1 mole of deuterium is 2 g/mol, which is equivalent to 2/Avogadro's number = 2/6.02214 x 10^23 = 3.323 gram.
To calculate the energy released in MeV, we use Einstein's mass-energy equation:
E = Δm x c^2
where E is the energy, Δm is the change in mass, and c is the speed of light.
First, we need to calculate the change in mass.
The mass of 1 mole of deuterium is 3.323 gram, and the mass of helium-4 is 4.001506 gram/mol. The change in mass (Δm) is the difference between these two masses:
Δm = 4.001506 g/mol - 3.323 g/mol = 0.678506 g/mol
Next, we convert this mass to kilograms:
Δm = 0.678506 g/mol x (1 kg / 1000 g) = 0.000678506 kg/mol
Putting these values into the equation for energy:
E = Δm x c^2 = 0.000678506 kg/mol x (3 x 10^8 m/s)^2 = 0.000678506 kg/mol x (9 x 10^16 m^2/s^2) = 6.106554 x 10^13 Joules/mol
Lastly, we convert this energy to MeV (mega-electron volts).
1 Joule = 6.242 x 10^18 MeV, so:
E = 6.106554 x 10^13 J/mol x (6.242 x 10^18 MeV/J) = 3.811946 x 10^32 MeV/mol
Therefore, the energy released when 1 mole of deuterium reacts completely is approximately 3.811946 x 10^32 MeV.