Describe major changes that occurs on the neurological system associated to age
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The neurological system undergoes several changes as individuals age. Some of the major changes include:
1. Brain volume: The brain undergoes a natural decrease in volume with age, particularly in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and frontal lobes. This can lead to a decline in cognitive abilities such as memory, attention, and problem-solving.
2. Neural connections: The number of neural connections in the brain decreases with age, resulting in a decline in information processing speed. This can contribute to difficulties in multitasking and slower reaction times.
3. Neurotransmitter levels: There is a decrease in the levels of certain neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and acetylcholine, which are essential for neuronal communication. This can affect various functions like motor control, mood regulation, and memory formation.
4. Blood flow: Age-related changes in blood vessels can lead to reduced blood flow to the brain. This decrease in blood flow can result in cognitive decline and an increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's.
5. White matter integrity: The integrity of white matter, which consists of nerve fibers responsible for communication between different regions of the brain, may decline with age. This can impact the efficiency of information transfer and affect cognitive functions.
6. Neurodegenerative diseases: Aging is a major risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and dementia. These conditions involve progressive loss of neurons and often result in cognitive and motor impairments.
7. Plasticity and repair mechanisms: While there is a decline in overall plasticity of the nervous system with age, the brain still possesses some capacity for repair and adaptation. Neurogenesis (formation of new neurons) and synaptic plasticity can still occur in certain regions of the brain, albeit at a slower rate.
These changes in the neurological system associated with age can vary between individuals and are influenced by genetic factors, lifestyle choices, and other variables. However, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, engaging in cognitive and physical activities, and managing chronic conditions effectively can help mitigate some of these age-related changes and promote brain health.
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